3D Scanning System & 3D Machine Vision: Working and Application

The innovation of 3D scanners and 3D machine vision has changed the way we collect structural data, thereby helping to replicate the data in a model for study. These tools offer assistance in virtual projects of any size, ranging from miniature models to full-scale design models. 

3D scanning systems perform their function by generating 3D scans of the structure or object. The working principle is similar to that of a camera, which can capture 2D static images. However, 3D scanners go a step further to capture not only the object’s image but also the intricate details of its geometric shape and structure. This allows the creation of a highly realistic and accurate 3D design model of the object.

Meanwhile, 3D machine vision is an optical device used in automation industries to capture and process 3D images of objects. In short, they help in mapping scenes in 3D, which helps in analyzing the changes in the environment and variations in the object. 3D machine vision is ideal for measurement, process control, inspection, and robotic guidance that require extreme precision.

Let’s discuss both systems in detail.

What is a 3D scanning system?

A 3D scanning system uses light, lasers, or X-rays to capture the image of the object or environment to collect data and create a 3D model of the same. It captures data from the object’s surface to accurately describe its structure in a digital three-dimensional format. This data is ideal for faster, more versatile digital analysis and more in-depth inspections. 3D scanners also help in replicating parts in reverse engineering, assure the form, fit, and function of components, and validate 3D printed parts or models even while being in a remote location.

There are different types of 3D scanners available:

• Structured light scanning: These scanners use a light source to project a series of parallel light patterns onto the object and use the triangulation data to create a 3D model of the object or environment.
• Laser scanning: This method uses a laser to scan the object by projecting a single or multiple laser beams on the object and capturing the reflection of the laser with a sensor. This data is further triangulated to form a 3D shape as millions of points.
• Photogrammetry: This method employs aerial photographs of large structures or environments to create a 3D model. It can also scan animals and humans.
• LiDAR: Short for light detection and ranging, it is a remote sensing method to create a 3D model of the real world. The scanners emit millions of laser pulses, which are reflected after striking an object, to the scanner. The scanner calculates the distance between the object and the sensor, finding a single point in space. The combination of all these points creates a 3D visualization called point cloud data.
• Computerized tomography: This scanning technology scans both the internal and external structure of an object. The scanner uses X-rays to capture several 2D images of various sections of the object and form a 3D model by superimposing the photographs. This technology is widely used in hospitals for diagnostic purposes.

What is 3D Machine vision?

It is a technology that allows the machine to view and understand objects in 3D space by capturing their images from multiple angles using cameras and sensors. These images are then analyzed and combined into a 3D model using software. This method enables defect detection, precise measurements, and robotic guidance in fields like manufacturing and automation. 

Applications of 3D machine vision:

• This method allows machines to perceive depth and special relations like humans.
• It is used to detect defects and inconsistencies in product surfaces. 
• It allows the use of robots due to its precise positioning and 3D guidance. 
• It helps in the accurate measurement of objects’ dimensions and features.
• It helps in assembly line verifications.

Types of 3D machine vision technology

• Structured light: These sensors project patterns of light like a grid or a series of lights onto the object sensors. A camera observes the deformation of the pattern on the object’s surface, which is then analyzed to create a 3D structure.
• Time-of-flight (ToF): The ToF sensors emit pulses of light onto the object, and when the reflected light hits the sensor, it calculates the time taken by the light to travel and forms a 3D image representation.
• Stereo vision: This method uses two or more cameras to capture images of the same object but from different viewpoints. By comparing the difference between the images, the computer triangulates the distance to a point on the object’s surface and creates a 3D model.

What is a 4K UV projector?

4K UV projectors are ultramodern projectors with a resolution of 3840*2160 pixels. This is more than 8 million pixels, which is why the image generated by a 4K UV projector is 4 times sharper than that of a full HD projector. The images are high quality, sharp, and detailed, even on a large screen. This impressive clarity, vivid colors, and longevity make them a good choice for 3D scanning and machine vision.

These projectors are primarily used in additive manufacturing, where detailed and precise structures need to be created with an extreme level of accuracy.

Conclusion

While both 3D scanning technology and machine vision work on the same principle and purpose, the key difference lies in the data captured, application areas, accuracy, and speed. These are an effective way to generate 3D models of structure and environment with high precision and accuracy. If you want to find out more about 3D machine vision or 3D scanning systems, you may visit Wintech Digital Systems Technology Inc. to learn more.